Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Messinian Age
7.246 - 5.333 1.913
  6 - 0 Common degu, Octodon degus, Octodon, Octodontidae, Rodentia, Mammalia, 1782 Chile, Least concern |
  6 - 0 Tufted capuchin, Sapajus apella, Sapajus, Cebidae, Simiiformes, Haplorhini, Primates, Mammalia, 1758 6 ss, Amazon basin, Least concern |
  6 - 0 Eurasian least shrew, Sorex minutissimus, Sorex, Soricini, Soricine, Soricidae, Eulipotyphla, Mammalia, 142Sp 1814 Eurasia, Least concern |
 _ Modern fish/30 Mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, Antarctic ocean, Present Least concern .png)  _ Modern fish/30 Mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, Antarctic ocean, 6 - Present Least concern .png) 6 - 0 Mackerel icefish, Champsocephalus gunnari, Champsocephalus, Channichthyidae, Notothenoidei, Perciformes, Actinopterygii, 1905 Antarctic ocean, Least concern |
 _ Modern fish/21 Ocean sunfish, Mola mola, Oceans worldwide, resent Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern fish/21 Ocean sunfish, Mola mola, Oceans worldwide, 6 - recent Vulnerable.png) 6 - 0 Ocean sunfish, Mola mola, Mola, Molidae, Tetraodontiformes, Actinopterygii, 1758 Oceans worldwide, Vulnerable |
 _ Modern fish/14 Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern fish/14 Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, 6 - Present Vulnerable.png) 6 - 0 Atlantic blue marlin, Makaira nigricans, Makaira, Istiophoridae, Istiophoriformes, Actinopterygii, 1802 Vulnerable |
 _ Abyssal fish/33 Opah, Lambris guttatus, Mediterranean sea, Atlantic & Pacific oceans, depths 50 - 500 m, Present Least concern .png)  _ Abyssal fish/33 Opah, Lambris guttatus, Mediterranean sea, Atlantic & Pacific oceans, depths 50 - 500 m, 6 - Present Least concern .png) 6 - 0 Opah, Lambris guttatus, Mediterranean sea, Atlantic & Pacific, depths 50 - 500 m, Least concern |
 _ Abyssal fish/27 Bearded seadevil, Linophryne licifer, N Atlantic ocean, depths 400 - 2,200 m, Present, Status not evaluated.png)  _ Abyssal fish/27 Bearded seadevil, Linophryne licifer, N Atlantic ocean, depths 400 - 2,200 m, 6 - Present, Status not evaluated.png) 6 - 0 Bearded seadevil, Linophryne licifer, Linophryne, Linophrynidae, lophiiformes, Actinopterygii, 1925 N Atlantic, depths 400 - 2,200 m, Status not evaluated |
 _ Abyssal fish/19 Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, N Pacific ocean, Present Near threatened.png)  _ Abyssal fish/19 Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, N Pacific ocean, 6 - Present Near threatened.png) 6 - 0 Chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, Oncorhynchus, Salmonidae, Salmoniformes, Actinopterygii, 1792 N Pacific, Near threatened |
  6 - 0 Baiji Lipotes vexillifer , Lipotes, Lipotidae, Lipotoidea, Delphinida, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, 1918 Yangtze river China Critically endangered |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/10 Sika deer Cervus nippon E Asia Present Least Concern.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/10 Sika deer Cervus nippon E Asia 6 - Present Least Concern.png) 6 - 0 Sika deer Cervus nippon E Asia Least Concern |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/1 Clouded leopard Neofelis nebusosa SE Asia Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/1 Clouded leopard Neofelis nebusosa SE Asia 6 - Present Vulnerable.png) 6 - 0 Clouded leopard Neofelis nebusosa SE Asia Vulnerable |
  6 - 0 King eider Somateria spec Arctic circle |
  6 - 0 Mallard Anas platyrhynches 3 ss N Hemisphere |
| 6 - 1.3 4.7 mi Marquesas Islands. |
| 6 Stegotetrabelodontinae large herbivorous like elephants. Remains have been found in S Italy. |
| 6 - 3 3 Paratetralophodon genus of elephant India, China |
6 - 5 1 Sinomastodon Chinese mastodont gomphothere genus order Proboscidea SE Asia China, Japan, Indonesia. 3.6 - 5.3 m
| S. hanjiangensis Shanxi province.1 incomplete skeleton adult 5.3m including maxilla, mandibles, teeth, tusks and other materials |
| late Pliocene genus S. sendaicus Japan 1924 dentary species S. bumiajuensi formerly Tetralophodon Java. |
| S. hanjiangensis 1 30 year old 2.07m/6'8" 2.1 tonnes |
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6 - 4 2 Primelephas korotorensis genus of Elephantinae 'first elephant'. mammoths>< Asian & African elephants. 4 tusks
| 6 - 4 2 Primelephas korotorensis |
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| 6 - 0 Canis genus of Canidae + extant species: wolve, dog, coyote, jackal. moderate to large size, massive, well-developed skulls and dentition, long legs, short ears & tails |
6 - 5 1  Grand Canyon. |
| 6 - 0 Short-faced bears Tremarctinae Ursidae ancestor of Specled Bear S America |
| 6 - 5.2 .8 Coatis >< Racoon |
| 5.96 - 5.33 336,000 Messinian Salinity Crisis. |
| 5.51±.13 Conant Creek Tuff. |
| 5.5? - 1500s mi Sardinian giant shrew †Asoriculus similis, Asoriculus, Soricidae, Eulipotyphla, Mammalia, 1855 Sardinia |
| 5.5-4 - 0 Moeraki Boulders large spherical boulders Koekohe Beach Otago coast New Zealand, 2m/6'6" diameter, 10-50m/33-164' marine mud accumulated on them. |
 _ Canidae 🐶/19 Racoon dog Nyctereutes procyepoides E Asia Present Least concern.png)  _ Canidae 🐶/19 Racoon dog Nyctereutes procyepoides E Asia 5.5 - Present Least concern.png) 5.5 - 0 Racoon dog Nyctereutes procyepoides,Nyctereutes, Canidaes, Carnivora, Mammalia, Chordat "night wanderer" 1Sp, 1st canines in Old World. All other species extinct before 2.58. N China. Least concern |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Messinian Age
7.246 - 5.333 1.913
5.37  tuff of Elkhorn Springs Heise volcanic field, Idaho |
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Zanclean Age 5.333 - 3.6 1.733
| 5.333 Zanclean flood several months - 2 years. Basin rises 10m/day dropped >1km/.62mi, discharged 2×108m3 / 7.1×109'3 1,000x Amazon River |
 5.333 - 0 Chinese alligator Alligator sinensis Anhui province E China Critically endangered |
  5.333 - 0 Osedax japonicus, N Pacific ocean, Least concern |
  5.333 - 0 Lion-tailed macaque, Macaca silenus, SW India, Endangered |
  5.333 - 0 Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata, Japan, Least concern |
  5.333 - 0 Gelada, Theropithecus gelada, Least concern |
  5.3 - 3.6 1.7 Argyrolagus sp. Silver rabbit Monte Hermoso formation, Argentina |
  5.3 - 11,700 Gomphotherium angustidens Welded beast N America, Eurasia & Africa |
  5.3 - 1,100 American Mastodon, Mammut americanum, N America |
  5.3 - 1914 Passsenger pigeon Ectopistes migratorius |
 _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/26 Six-horned pronghorn Hexameryx simp N America Pliocene 5.3 - 4.9 Ma.png)  _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/26 Six-horned pronghorn Hexameryx simp N America Pliocene 5.3 - 4.9 Ma.png) 5.3 - 4.9 .4 6-horned pronghorn Hexameryx simp N America |
5.3 - 0  Camels |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/7 Bush-antlered deer Eucladoceros dicrapi Eurasia Pliocene - Pleistocene.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/7 Bush-antlered deer Eucladoceros dicrapi Eurasia Pliocene 5.3 - Pleistocene 11,700.png) 5.3 - 11,700 Bush-antlered deer Eucladoceros dicrapi Eurasia |
  5.3 - 0 S African springhare, Pedetes capensis, S Africa, Least concern |
5.25±0.25 Lothagam mandible (KNM-LT 329) Australopithecus (?) 1967 Kenya  |
  5.1 - 4.8 .3 Horned gopher, Ceratogaulus hatchi, N America |
  5 - 3 2 Minorcan giant lagomorph Nuralgus rex, Island of Menorca |
  5 - 0 Mata mata, Chelus fimbriata, Amazon basin Least concern |
  5 - 50,000 Strong tail Sthenurus striglingi S Australia |
  5 - 10,000 Megatherium genus, 2 subgenera, Megatherium & Pseudomegatherium Giant ground sloth, Americas |
  5 Thorpe's spoon-billed mastodon, Gnathabelodon therpei, N America |
  5 - 0 Sperm whale Physeter macrocep worldwide Vulnerable |
  5 - 0 Killer whale Orcinus orca Oceans worldwide Least concern |
  5 - 0 Humpback whale Megaptera nova Oceans worldwide Least concern |
  5 - 1.5 3.5 Half beak Seriostrum ceruttii NE Pacific |
 _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/38 Balearian mouse-goat Myotragus baleariasus Majorca and Menorca islands 5 - 5,000.png)  _ Deers, antelopes and goats 🦌🐂/39 Balearian mouse-goat Myotragus baleariasus Majorca and Menorca islands 5 - 5,000.png) 5 - 5,000 Balearian mouse-goat Myotragus baleariasus Majorca and Menorca islands |
 _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/29 Sivatherium giganteum Africa and S Asia Pliocene - Holocene 5 - 8,000 .png)  _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/29 Sivatherium giganteum Shiva's beast Africa and S Asia Pliocene - Holocene 5 - 8,000 .png) 5 - 8,000 Shiva's beast Sivatherium giganteum Africa and S Asia |
  5 - 0 Greater sage-grouse Centrocercus 2 ss W&N America Near thrreatened |
  5 - 0 Pheasant-tailed Jacana Hydrophasianus chirurgus SE Asia Least concern |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/21 Pallas's cat Otocolobus manul C Asia Present Near threatened.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/21 Pallas's cat Otocolobus manul C Asia 5 - Present Near threatened.png) 5 - 0 Pallas's cat Otocolobus manul C Asia Near threatened |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/22 Black-footed cat Felis Nigripes S Africa Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/22 Black-footed cat Felis Nigripes S Africa 5 - Present Vulnerable.png) 5 - 0 Black-footed cat Felis Nigripes Vulnerable |
 _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/15 Dromedary Camelus dromedarius N Africa and Arabian peninsula Present Domesticated.png)  _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/15 Dromedary Camelus dromedarius N Africa and Arabian peninsula 5 - Present Domesticated.png) 5 - 0 Dromedary Camelus dromedarius N Africa & Arabian peninsula Domesticated |
5 - ? South African mammoth Mammuthus subplanifrons, 1st genus Mammuthus, S&E Africa, especially Ethiopia. characteristics of mammoths like twisting tusks.
3.68m3/12'1" shoulder 9 tonnes |
| 5 Gibraltar current appearance formations deposited 200 - 175 25 |
  5 - 0 Golden eagle Aguia chrysastes 6 ss N hemisphere Least concern |
| 5 - 0 giant anteater (Myrmecophaga tridactyla), also known as the ant bear, is an insectivorous mammal native to Central & South America. 182-217cm/5.97'-7.12' 33-50kg/73-110lb males 27-47kg/60-104lb |
| 5 - 0 Arctic fox Tibetan Plateau |
| 5 - 40,000 Stephanorhinus extinct genus 2-horned rhinoceros N Eurasia possibly North Africa only species of rhinoceros in Eurasia, Two species
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  5 - 0 Emperor Penguin Aptenodytes forsteri Antarctica Near threatened |
  5 - 0 King Penguin Aptenodytes patagonicus 30 ss Subantarctic circle Least concern |
  5 - 0 African Penguin Spheniscus demersus S Africa Endangered |
  5 - 0 Humboldt penguin Spheniscus humbolti W&S America Vunerable |
  5 - 0 Adelie penguin Pygoscelis adeliae Antarctica Least concern |
  5 - 0 Gentoo penguin Pygoscelis papua S South America Least concern |
  5 - 0 Chinstrap penguin Pygoscelis antarcticus Antarctica Least concern |
  5 - 0 Little penguin Eudyptula minor S Australia and New Zealand Least concern |
  5 - 0 Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrys 2 ss Subanctarctic circle Vulcerable |
| 5 - 3 2 Death Valley Lava Beds |
| 5 - 2 3 M. pliocaenica ancestor of Mustela praenivalis ancestor of least weasel |
| 5 - 2.6 2.4 Thylophorops opossum |
| 5 - 30,000 4,570,000 Palaeoloxodon Africa during the Pliocene, and expanded into Eurasia during the Pleistocene |
| 5 - 11,700 5 Short-Faced Kangaroo Australia |
| 5 - 10,000 0 American Mastodon North & Central America |
| 5 Black >< White Rhinocerous |
 _ Bears and seals 🐻/12 Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus Asia Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻/12 Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus Asia 5 - Present Vulnerable.png) 5 - 0 Asian black bear Ursus thibetanus Asia Vulnerable |
 _ Bears and seals 🐻/24 Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx Antarxtic circle Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻/24 Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx Antarxtic circle 5 - Present Vulnerable.png) 5 - 0 Leopard seal Hydrurga leptonyx Antarctic circle Vulnerable |
| 4.9 Blancocamelus North America |
  4.9 - 1.8 3.1 Titanis walleri Titanic N America |
4.9 - 780,000 4.12Chasmaporthetes hunting hyena, genus of hyenas Eurasia, N America, Africa from Eurasia
Thalassictis or Lycyaena, Genus
| C. borissiaki being oldest known representative. |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Zanclean Age
5.333 - 3.6 1.733
5.3M - 0  elephant |
| 4.7 Antarctic >< common minke whales Southern Hemisphere |
  4.9 - 1,350 Cuvieronius hyodon, America |
  4.5 - 0 Saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus SE Asia Least concern |
  4.5 - 0 Marine Iguana, Amphlyrhynchus cristatus, Galapagos Islands Vulnerable |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/15 Megantereon cultridens N America Eurasia and Africa 4.5 - 2 Ma.png)  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/15 Megantereon cultridens giant beast N America Eurasia and Africa 4.5 - 2 Ma.png) 4.5 - 2 2.5 Megantereon cultridens giant beast N America Eurasia and Africa |
| 4.49 tuff of Heise Heise volcanic field, Idaho |
| 4.45 Kilgore Caldera 80x60km; VEI 8; 1,800km3/432mi3 of Kilgore Tuff |
  4.3 - 0 Naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glabor, Ethiopia & Somalia, Least concern |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Zanclean Age
5.333 - 3.6 1.733
4.2 - 0  Crab-eating raccoon Procyon cancrivorus, Procyon, Procyonidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, H&B 41-80cm/16-31" 2-12kg/4-26lb 1798 4SS LC |
| 4.2 Cerro Galán Volcano 32km, Catamarca Province, NW Argentina; 510km3/122mi3 of Real Grande and Cueva Negra tephra |
  4 - 2 2 Josephoartigasia monesi, †Josephoartigastia, Dinomyidae, Rodentia, Mammalia, 3m/10' Long, 1.5m/5' tall. 400-700kg/800/1,540lb 2008 S America |
  4 - 0 Common chimpanzee, Pan troglodyte, Pan, Hominini, Hominidae, Simiiformes, Haplorhini, Primates, Mammalia, 1775 4SS, C Africa, Endangered |
  4 - 1936 Tasmanian tiger Thylacinus cynocephalus, †Thylacinus, †Thylacinidae, Dasyuroorphia, Marsupialia, Mammalia, Tasmania |
  4 Bluff Downs bandicoot, Perameles allinghamensis, Perameles, Peramelemorphia, Marsupialia, Mammalia, 1976 Queensland, Australia |
  4 - 0 Aardvark, Orycteropus afer, Orycteropus, Orycteropodidae, Tubulidentata, Mammalia, Africa, Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/21 Honey badger Mellivora capensis Africa and S Asia 4 - 0 Least concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/21 Honey badger Mellivora capensis Africa and S Asia 4 - 0 Least concern.png) 4 - 0 Honey badger Mellivora capensis, Mellivora, Mellivorinae, Mustelidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, Chordat 1776 Africa & S Asia Least concern |
  4 - 0 Strawberry poison-dart frog Oophaga pumilio, Oophaga, Dendrobatidae, Anura, Amphibia, 1857 C America Least Concern |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/14 Scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens Worldwide 4 - 12,000.png)  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/14 Scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens Worldwide 4 - 12,000.png) 4 - 12,000 Scimitar-toothed cat Homotherium latidens, Homotherium, Homotherini, Machairodontinae, Felidae, Feliformia, Carnivora, Mammalia, 4Sp 1846 Worldwide |
4 - 2  Australopithecus afarensis, Australopithecus, Hominini, Homininae, Hominidae, Simiiformes, Haplorhini, Primates, Mammalia, Ethiopia
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4 - 0 African elephant Loxodonta, Elephantinae, Elephantidae, Proboscidea, Mammalia, 1827 2S VU
| African bush elephant L. africana 1797 VU |
| African forest elephant L. cyclotis. 1900 VU |
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| 4 - 3 1 mi Parailurus, Ailuridae, Carnivora, Mammalia, . 6Sp 1899 Ancestor to Red Panda |
4 Frailes Plateau, Bolivia; 620km3/149mi3 Frailes Ignimbrite E. |
4 - 1878 4  Quagga Equus quagga quagga, Equus quagga, Equus, Equidae, Perissodaxtyla, Mammalia, 125-135cm/4'1"-4'5" 1785 S Africa |
| 4 - 12,000 4 Homotherium latidens Homotherium, Homotherini, Machairodontinae, Felidae, Feliformia, Carnivora, Mammalia 1846 Americas, Eurasia, and Africa |
4 Pacana Caldera 60x35km, Altiplano-Puna Volcanic Complex, N Chile; VEI 8; 2,500km3/600mi3 Atana Ignimbrite. |
3.9 - 2.9 1    Australopithecus afarensisHominid Ethiopia |
  3.8 - 0 Komodo dragon, Varanus komodoensis, Varanus, Varanus, Varanidae, Squamata, Reptilia, 1912 Komodo islands Vulnerable |
| 3.7 Australopithecus afarensis left footprints on volcanic ash Laetoli, Kenya. |
| 3.7 - 10,000 3.7 nt Coeladonta Eurasia |
3.6 - 10,000 3.6  Woolly Rhino Ceolodonta antiquitatis, †Ceolodonta, Rhinocerotidae, Perissodactyla, Mammalia, 1831 Europe & N Asia |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Pliocene Epoch
5.333 - 2.588 2.745
Piacenzian Age
3.6 - 2.588 1.012
  3.6 - 0 Capybara, Hydrocheorus S America, Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/13 Giant raccoon Chapalmalapi S America 3.6 - 3 Ma.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/13 Giant raccoon Chapalmalapi S America 3.6 - 3 Ma.png) 3.6 - 3 .6 Giant raccoon Chapalmalapi S America |
3.6  Gray fox Urocyon cinereoargenteus, Urocyon, Canidae, Carnivora, Mammalia, 1775 N & C America. LC |
3.6  Common minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, minke whale species complex, Balaenoptera, Balaenopteridae, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, 1804 LC |
| 3.58 KSD-VP-1/1 Kadanuumuu Australopithecus afarensis 2005 Ethiopia |
3.5 - 1 2.5  Palaeoloxodon recki, Palaeoloxodon, Elephantidae, Proboscidea, Mammalia, 1894 related to the Asian elephant 14'/4.27m tall. One of largest Elephants. Africa |
3.5 - 1.9 1.6  _ Bears and seals 🐻/4 Giant panda Ailuropoda melangleusa Inner China 19 - Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻40p/CARNIVORA II - Caniformia (part2) _ Bears and seals 🐻40p PNG/4 Giant panda Ailuropoda melangleusa Inner China Present Vulnerable.png) Ailuropoda microta Ailuropoda, Ursidae, Carnivora. Mammalia, ancestor to Giant Panda 1962 |
 _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/7 Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta Africa 3.5 - Present Least concern.png)  _ Hyaenas and early cats 🐯/7 Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta Africa 3.5 - Present Least concern.png) 3.5 - 0 Spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta Africa Least concern |
| 3.2 - 11650 3,188,350 Camelops Camelini, Camelidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, 1854 3Sp |
 _ Modern cats 🦁/2 Snow leopard Panthera uncia Central Asia Present Vulnerable.png)  _ Modern cats 🦁/2 Snow leopard Panthera uncia Central Asia 3.2 - Present Vulnerable.png) 3.2 - 0 Snow Leopard Panthera uncia, Panthera, Pantherinae, Felidae, Feliformia, Carnivora, Mammalia, 1775 C Asia Vulnerable |
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5 - 1854 
